bending¶

Mesh bending force classes apply a force and virial to every mesh vertex particle based on the local curvature \(K\) of the given mesh triangulation.

\[U_\mathrm{mesh bending} = \sum_{j \in \mathrm{mesh}} U_{j}(K(\mathbf{r}_j))\]

The curvature at each vertex particle \(j\) is determined at its position \(\mathbf{r}_j\).