md.dihedral¶
Overview
Constructs the dihedral bond potential. |
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Harmonic dihedral potential. |
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OPLS dihedral force |
Details
Dihedral potentials.
Dihedrals add forces between specified quadruplets of particles and are typically used to model rotation about chemical bonds.
By themselves, dihedrals that have been specified in an input file do nothing. Only when you specify an dihedral force (i.e. dihedral.harmonic), are forces actually calculated between the listed particles.
Important: There are multiple conventions pertaining to the dihedral angle (phi) in the literature. HOOMD utilizes the convention shown in the following figure, where vectors are defined from the central particles to the outer particles. These vectors correspond to a stretched state (phi=180 deg) when they are anti-parallel and a compact state (phi=0 deg) when they are parallel.

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class
hoomd.md.dihedral.
Dihedral
¶ Bases:
hoomd.md.force.Force
Constructs the dihedral bond potential.
Note
Dihedral
is the base class for all dihedral potentials. Users should not instantiate this class directly.
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class
hoomd.md.dihedral.
Harmonic
¶ Bases:
hoomd.md.dihedral.Dihedral
Harmonic dihedral potential.
Harmonic
specifies a harmonic dihedral potential energy between every defined dihedral quadruplet of particles in the simulation:\[V(r) = \frac{1}{2}k \left( 1 + d \cos\left(n * \phi(r) - \phi_0 \right) \right)\]where \(\phi\) is angle between two sides of the dihedral.
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params
¶ The parameter of the harmonic bonds for each particle type. The dictionary has the following keys:
k
(float
, required) - potential constant (in units of energy)d
(float
, required) - sign factor (unitless)n
(float
, required) - angle scalinf factor (unitless)phi0
(float
, required) - phase shift (in units of radians)
- Type
TypeParameter[
dihedral type
, dict]
Examples:
harmonic = dihedral.Harmonic() harmonic.params['polymer'] = dict(k=3.0, d=-1, n=3, phi0=0) harmonic.params['backbone'] = dict(k=100.0, d=1, n=4, phi0=math.pi/2)
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class
hoomd.md.dihedral.
OPLS
¶ Bases:
hoomd.md.dihedral.Dihedral
OPLS dihedral force
OPLS
specifies an OPLS-style dihedral potential energy between every defined dihedral.\[V(r) = \frac{1}{2}k_1 \left( 1 + \cos\left(\phi \right) \right) + \frac{1}{2}k_2 \left( 1 - \cos\left(2 \phi \right) \right) + \frac{1}{2}k_3 \left( 1 + \cos\left(3 \phi \right) \right) + \frac{1}{2}k_4 \left( 1 - \cos\left(4 \phi \right) \right)\]where \(\phi\) is the angle between two sides of the dihedral and \(k_n\) are the force coefficients in the Fourier series (in energy units).
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params
¶ The parameter of the OPLS bonds for each particle type. The dictionary has the following keys:
k1
(float
, required) - force constant of the first term (in units of energy)k2
(float
, required) - force constant of the second term (in units of energy)k3
(float
, required) - force constant of the third term (in units of energy)k4
(float
, required) - force constant of the fourth term (in units of energy)
- Type
TypeParameter[
dihedral type
, dict]
Examples:
opls = dihedral.OPLS() opls.params['backbone'] = dict(k1=1.0, k2=1.0, k3=1.0, k4=1.0)
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